Which of the following is an effect of abiotic factors on plants?

Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem that can have significant effects on plant health and growth. These factors include things like temperature, light, water availability, soil type, and nutrient levels. When these conditions are unfavorable—such as through extreme temperatures, drought, or excessive salinity—they can cause stress to plants, leading to injury or even death. For example, prolonged drought can lead to wilting and dying off of plants, while frost can cause cell damage, resulting in physical harm or complete destruction of plant tissues. Understanding the impact of these abiotic factors is crucial for effective pest and crop management, as it allows applicators to anticipate environmental challenges that can influence plant health and productivity.