Which factor affects the movement of water particles in soil the most?

The movement of water particles in soil is significantly influenced by the organic content present. Organic matter improves soil structure, enhancing its ability to hold and transmit water. This is primarily because organic matter creates a network of pores in the soil, allowing water to move more freely through the soil profile. Soils rich in organic material tend to absorb water more readily and retain moisture more effectively, compared to soils that lack sufficient organic content.

Additionally, organic matter can also improve water infiltration rates, reducing runoff and erosion. The presence of organic matter interacts with soil minerals, improving the soil's capacity to retain water and making it more conducive for both water movement and root penetration. Therefore, its role in influencing the physical properties of soil makes it the most critical factor when considering how water moves through the soil.