What is it called when soil microorganisms break down chemicals?

The process by which soil microorganisms break down chemicals is referred to as microbial action. This term encompasses the activities of various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and other microbes that contribute to the decomposition and transformation of organic matter and chemicals in the soil.

Microbial action is essential for nutrient cycling, as it helps release nutrients that are locked in organic matter, making them available for plant uptake. It also plays a crucial role in the biodegradation of pollutants, helping to reduce chemical residues in the environment. This process is driven by the metabolic activities of these microorganisms, which consume organic and inorganic substances as a source of energy and nutrients.

Understanding microbial action is vital for effective pest management and sustainable agriculture, as it contributes to soil health and the overall ecosystem.